Hemodynamic effects of continuous intravenous injection and bolus plus continuous intravenous injection of oxytocin in cesarean section

BACKGROUND Oxytocin may cause adverse cardiovascular effects, including tachycardia and hypotension, whereas the optimal dose of oxytocin at elective cesarean section is unclear. To determine the lowest effective dose of oxytocin, we studied the hemodynamic effects of three doses during spinal anesthesia for elective single cesarean delivery. METHODS Sixty women received oxytocin by continuous (0.5 IU/min) or bolus-continuous (2 or 5 IU prior to 0.25 IU/min continuous intravenous injection) intravenous injection after clamping of the umbilical cord. We compared changes in heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and estimated blood loss (EBL). Uterine tone (UT) was assessed by palpation on a linear analog scale (LAS) at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes after the oxytocin injection. In addition, oxytocin-related side-effects such as nausea and vomiting were recorded. RESULTS Marked hemodynamic changes such as HR and MAP occurred in the bolus-continuous groups but not in the continuous groups. Although we were not able to observe a variation of EBL in each group, the UT significantly increased in the bolus-continuous groups when compared with that the continuous groups. In addition, the hemodynamic changes such as HR and MAP were lower in the two IU bolus-continuous group than those in the five IU group. CONCLUSIONS Although bolus-continuous injection of oxytocin resulted in more hemodynamic changes than continuous injection, bolus-continuous injection had a greater effect on uterine contraction. Furthermore, two IU bolus-continuous injection showed lower hemodynamic changes than in the five IU bolus-continuous injection.